The Great Depression The Worst Economic Slump - 1427 Words

The great Depression was the worst economic slump in US history, beginning in 1929 it lasted almost a decade. Leuchtenburg suggests â€Å"there was no single cause of the Great crash and ensuing depression†, however the most influential reasons for the Great depression was a culmination between the unequal distribution of income and the extensive speculation of the 1920s. Underlining these two dominant influences was the republican government practises of the 1920’s under Harding, Coolidge and Hoover Governments. The Republican economic policies of the 1920 are contributed significantly to the Great Depression. Misdistribution of income existed on many levels within the US economy. Money was unevenly distributed between rich, middle class and poor, and between industry and agriculture. The 1920’s was an era of considerable growth , bearing witness to its total national income rising from $74 Billion in 1920 to $89 Billion in 1929, associated primarily with Republican economic policies and industrialisation. Much of this growth however was founded upon the illusion of the decade of economic prosperity and growth, yet 43% of all families throughout the 20’s earned less than $1500 a year, considered poverty. In 1929 5% earn 33% of all incomes, the top 0.1% had the combined income of the bottom 42% of society. From 1920-29 real incomes rose 9%, yet the top 1% enjoyed real income rises of 75%. Republican government policy played a major hand in this Maldistribution of income.Show MoreRelatedFranklin Roosevelt (FDR) Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pagesand Roosevelt had very different v iewpoints on how to handle the Great Depression. Hoover preferred â€Å"rugged individualism,† and FDR preferred â€Å"helping hand† philosophies. Hoover believed in assisting business in hope that this support would create a trickle down impact which would lead to investment and more jobs. FDR, on the other hand, wanted to provide people with jobs to increase confidence and correcting failures in certain economic institutions, leading to a bubble up scenario. It is ironic thatRead MoreWill Mcclellan3/5/17. Herbert Hoover. Herbert Herbert Is874 Words   |  4 Pagesstock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression. These were tough tasks for a president and since the Great Depression lasted so long, I don’t believe that he handled them very well so I believe that Herbert Hoover belongs in the hall of shame. Hoover became President in March, 1929. The stock market crash occurred in October, 1929 and lasted for four days. The stock market lost more than 25% of its value over those four days and is considered the worst crash in the history of the US stockRead MoreEssay on The Causes of the Great Depression697 Words   |  3 PagesThe Causes of The Great Depression History Imagine waking up one morning, only to find out that all your investments and savings are gone. So if your bank that you invested all your money in collapsed, you didn’t get any money back. This is what happened to millions of Americans during the 1930s. This era was called the great depression. The great depression was one of the worst economy issues we have ever had in history. It was a hard time for everyone. The great depression started in 1929Read More causes of the great depression Essay582 Words   |  3 Pages The Great Depression was a decade of poverty for many United States citizens. Starting in 1929, The Great Depression was a rough time not only for the U.S. but for many other countries. There are many causes for the Depression but the main cause was the combination of the greatly unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920s and the extensive stock market speculation(Gusmorino, 1). Other causes were the unsteadiness of the stock market, short signed economic policies, overdependence on massRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelts Presidency Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesDelano Roosevelt was elected for four consecutive terms. However he died in the first year of his fourth term. During his prolonged presidency Franklin Delano Roosevelt did many incredible things as our Nations leader. He pulled us out of the great depression, dealt with civil rights issues, created many reforms for our nation including the twenty-first amendment, handled the attack on Pearl Harbor, and handled World War Two efficiently. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born January 30, 1882 in HydeRead MoreExperience in a Community in Essay, The Worst Hard Time by Timothy Egan 692 Words   |  3 Pagesessay, The Worst Hard Time, author Timothy Egan conveys the experience of the community in the town of Dalhart, Texas as it falls from being a town that enjoyed fortune from high demands of product in the market to a town of unrest and helplessness just a while after the market crash of 1929. Egan describes the economic and social conditions in the Texas Panhandle as a whole and in other areas, as well as what it meant for the people of this community in the midst of the Great Depression. When theRead MoreThe Great Depression Essay747 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Depression From black Thursday on October 24, 1929, to December 7, 1941, and the attack on Pearl Harbor, America endured many changes concerning The Great Depression. From the Hooveradministration to Franklin D. Roosevelt; the desperate economic condition threatening the United States in the late twenties and thirties only grew worse. The United States was in total economic failure; the previous presidents did nothing to improve our nations status; althoughRead More Economical Events That Lead Up To The Great Depression Essay604 Words   |  3 Pagesbonds and bank accounts. As the prices continued to rise, some economic analysts began to warn of an impending correction, but the leading pundits largely ignored them. Many banks, eager to increase their profits, began speculating dangerously with their investments as well. Finally, in October 1929, the buying craze began to dwindle, and was followed by an even wilder selling craze. The Great Depression was the worst economic slump ever in U.S. history, and one, which spread to virtually the entireRead More The Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal During the 1930s, America witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as the US fell into the worst depression in history. The economic depression that beset the United States and other countries was unique in its severity and its consequences. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job. The great industrial slump continued throughout the 1930s, shaking theRead MoreGreat Depression Essays1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression is probably one of the most misunderstood events in American history. It is routinely cited, as proof that unregulated capitalism is not the best in the world, and that only a massive welfare state, huge amounts of economic regulation, and other interventions can save capitalism from itself. The Great Depression had important consequences and was a devastating event in America, however many good policies and programs became available as a result of the great depression, some

The Argument That The Internet Is Changing The Way Of...

In a world where an answer to a problem is only 0.37 seconds away, some people wonder how our ways of thinking have changed. Having the internet at our fingertips is changing the way people view the world. Nicholas Carr makes the argument that the internet is changing the way a person processes information by using scientific jargon, personal testimonies, and the comparison of technology. Carr uses many different kinds of scientific words and phrases thought out his essay. In one section of the essay it says â€Å"the Net seems to be doing is chipping away my capacity for concentration and contemplation.† (Carr). Using words like concentration and contemplation to make the reader believe that the internet is the reason Carr loses focus, and does not have an attention span to ponder things. The words are also thought invoking because they make the reader ponder about how the internet is changing the way they process information. Carr compares thinking to that of a music note with a staccato. In music a staccato is a very short note. The reader perceives that his thoughts are short, and he does not have the concentration to be able to read long books, or even articles. The reader could as well believe that he is incapable of having a long thought process to put together a complete thought. The reader can also apply this back to their life, and see that they do not have the ability to sit still long enough to read an article or book either. This makes the author more relatable.Show MoreRelatedArticle Review : Is Google Making Us Stupid By Nicholas Carr880 Words   |  4 Pagesclaim that technology is changing the way people think today. In his article â€Å"Is Google making us stupid†, Nicholas Carr argues that people have become dependent upon the internet for information rather than having to work to figure it out. In the article â€Å"Does texting effect writing†, Michaela Cullington argues that people’s texting is effecting the way people write because people don’t show emotion when texting, so that is translating back into their writing. Both arguments are effective, both appealRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Education1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impacts of Internet on Education The Internet is modern technologies that people just invented in recent decades. Since computers became more popular in the 1980s, the Internet was followed and was created in the 1990s. The invention of this technology affects everyone in many countries. It is changing how people live, how people entertain, how people communicate, and especially how people educate. In addition, in recent years, the Internet is improving very quickly, and the colleges and universitiesRead MoreInternet Addiction And Social Media Depression1651 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Shallows: What The Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, Nicholas Carr makes the argument that the internet is changing our brains, impairing our ability to think deeply, to form memories and maintain our attention for long periods of time. The internet may also be changing our mood and encouraging depression through these very same processes as witnessed by internet addiction and social media depression. In the Shallows, Carr is making the argument that intenrt is affecting our cognition, usingRead MoreNicholas Carrs In the Shallows 1080 Words   |  5 Pagesbrains despite the many benefits and advances we have made with it. His main focus is on the internet which he commonly refers to as the â€Å"universal medium† (92). Carr presents a very detailed but biased argument in which he views the internet and other technologies as the adversary of critical thinking and progress. To Carr, we are sacrificing our ability to think logically because we are choosing the simpler way to gain knowledge. Carr mentions the affect that technology has on the neurological processesRead MoreThe Impact Of Technological Innervation On The Way People Act And Think On A Daily Basis876 Words   |  4 PagesNicholas Carr, a technology, culture and economics writer, examines the impact technological innervation has on the way people act and think on a daily basis. His recent difficulties concentrating while reading books and lengthy articles has led him to believe that his time spent online may be contributing to his lacking concentration and contemplation skills. By prefacing his argument with anecdotes from his friends and acquaintances, he is convinced that a new type of reading and interpreting isRead MoreIs Google Making Us Stupid?1422 Words   |  6 Pagestechnologies human race has advanced with a speed, which was never even imagined few decades, down the line. Many people have been impacted with this change and a lot of people have questioned the effects of Internet on cognitive abilit ies and Human brain. There has been a debate to this argument whether Internet has a negative impact on cognition and human brain thus de-humanizing the human race or is it benefitting us by reaching the unimagined areas and achieving a comfortable lifestyle and setting us freeRead MoreTechnological Er The Internet s Effect On The Human Brains Neural Pathways1566 Words   |  7 Pages Technological Era: The Internet’s Effect on the Human Brains Neural Pathways The twenty-first century has been an era of such grand advancements in technology. From the invention of the two way video calling application, Skype, to the multi useful Apple iPhone, technology has created a less patient, multi tasking, more connected to the world around them, consumer. Walking down the street, people are constantly checking in with their technology, whether it its responding to a text, replying to anRead MoreThe Shallows by Nicholas Carr1469 Words   |  6 Pagesbrains despite the many benefits and advances we have made with it. His main focus is on the internet which he commonly refers to as the â€Å"universal medium† (92). Carr presents a very detailed but biased argument in which he views the internet and other technologies as the adversary of critical thinking and progress. To Carr, we are sacrificing our ability to think logically because we are choosing a simpler way to gain knowledge. Carr mentions the effect that technology has on the neurological processesRead MoreIs Google Making Us Stupid? by Nicholas Carr948 Words   |  4 Pagesreal word changing. His main focuses are the changes in technology, business and the culture. One of his essay’s, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid,† focuses on whether or not the Internet is creating problems within today’s society, and with our learning abilities in general. Carr provides detailed examples from Google, research teams and our own history to show the impact it has on today’s life and the minds’ of Internet users. This essay is very convincing to how Google and the Internet in generalRead MoreIs Google Making Us Stupid?879 Words   |  4 Pagesof time we spend online, especially google, has caused us to lose our minds by â€Å"tinkering† with our brains, â€Å"reprograming our memory,† and changing the way in which we process information. Carr’s purpose is to contribute to the idea that â€Å"Google† along with other online tools, is programing us to be less attentive and to the inhibition of our critical thinking skills. Guided by personal experiences, subjectivity, presumptions, Carr concludes that our reliance on google and other online apparatuses

Epistemology of Naive Realism and Representative Theory of Perception

Question: Discuss about theEpistemology of Naive Realism and Representative Theory of Perception. Answer: Introduction Perception is the way we recognize and interpret sensory information and how we respond to that information so as to be able to interact with the environment. All perceptions involve signals in the nervous system that later result from stimulation of physical or chemical of the sensory organs. Perception is not the reflexive receipt of these signals, but it is formed by learning, memory, anticipation and concentration (Thursfold, 2000). The empirical knowledge is based on how one sees, hears, touch and taste the surrounding. The difference that is drawn between perceptions that involve concept and the perception that does not and distinct epistemic relations are between our perceptual beliefs and perceptual knowledge. The particular theories to be addressed in the paper are the theory of Nave realism and representative theory of perception. Comparison of the two theories will be shown; however, the theory of Nave Realism remains to be the most superior to the representative theory of perception. Comparison When it comes to direct and indirect perception, Nave Realism sees perception as a process of a single state as being direct and immediate while Representative theory sees perception as a multistage with processes of meditational prevailing between stimulation and percept and its perception is not direct. On relying on information that is stored, Nave Realism perceives no function for memory and connected phenomena in perception. On the other hand, Representative theory, there is a role for memory and experiences of the past play a significant role in perception. Additionally, when it comes to process versus stimulation, Nave Realism excels at the stimulation examination of the observer while Representative excels at examines the processes and mechanism underlying the perception. Furthermore, On the Object of awareness, Nave Realism gives an instant answer on the subject matter of awareness and that it is not anything but physical existing that exists individually of the awareness of it. On the other hand, representative theory shows that objects that are physical are not identical with objects that are immediate, rather they are quite different from, and can exist independently of these objects that are immediate. Nave Realism This realism is also called direct realism or nave because it maintains itself that perceptions by giving us undeviating knowledge on the external world contrary to the mediated knowledge of something else like an internal representative such as sense-datum (Audi, 2010). It appreciates that all sort processes of physiological get involve in our coming to perceive the external world. These methods enable one to be aware of the external world directly, and it does not deny that it produces an intermediary that allows one to be aware of the world indirectly. Putnam (1968, 1975) objects in the state of mental can have great, diverse realizations of physical or biological in various kinds and structures. For instance, both humans and mollusks do undergo pain, but that pain is arbitrated by a particular neural mechanism thus no state of mental can be recognized by any state of physical or biological (Genone, 2016). On spinning the argument the other way, there is little to be said about the neurophysiological that correlates our old pain, if at all the pain experienced can potentially be implemented in different ways. This evidently absolves the philosopher not to worry at all and allows us to treat the exceptional of physiological as two distinct domains. Properties of mental or cognitive are distinctive areas and are to be investigated independently in their interpretations of physical or biological since he asserts that, mental forms and resources are purposeful kinds of higher level of construction than the physiochemical or natural kind (Tarr, 2016). Although properties of mental are recognized and applied in physical properties, he persists that they are neither indistinguishable nor reducible to them. The law of isomorphism advocates that "It must be a spatial mechanism of three spatial dimensions, because its spatial nature is clearly evident phenomenological" (Popper, 2013) despite the spatial perception of the neurophysiologic mechanism. There are many probable apprehensions of a spatial illustration, and so the actuality of the phenomenal experience of spatiality can't itself choose between various spatial realizations. Nevertheless, there can be the exclusion of non-spatial representations by phenomenology so as to account for the perception of spatial nature. This argument gets extensively acknowledged in the case of color perception despite it being seen controversial when in the application of spatial perception. In the experience of color, it has shown to encode a three dimension of color value i.e. shade, intensity, and dissemination. Even though one can't surely recognize the mechanism of neurophysiological accountable for programming the experience of color, it can be said with assurance that the "mechanism must encode at least three dimensions of information of color" (Gram, 2012). Various comprehensions of experience of color in distinct phyla and species may well match to several qualia of experience of color, and the extreme side of those experiences in other species might be unknown to us (Pinder, Davids, Renshaw Araujo, 2011). Conversely, experiments of psychophysical in humans and animals have been used to resolve the dimensions of the experience of color, and in turn, they have given i nformation about the representation of color in the brain. Therefore, there is no reason why this dispute should not also hold for spatial experience. Representative Theory of Perception This theory affirms that when one perceives an object, the instant object of one's awareness is a sensory experience which signifies the object. One is not instantly or directly aware of the object itself. The primary motivation for the representative theory of perception is the argument from illusion. However, it does not impress by the fact that when one hallucinates the instant object of one's consciousness is a sensory experience which signifies the object, and not the object itself (Massaro, Simpson, 2014). They persist that when one perceives an object, the instant object of one's awareness is the object, and not just a sensory experience as of it. So when one seems to see a dagger, the direct object of one's awareness is either the dagger which one is seeing or a sensory experience as of a dagger which one is merely hallucinating. This Theory of perception is mainly connected with the 17th century English philosopher, natural scientist, and political activist John Locke (1632 1704). Locke who was born in England and educated at Oxford University supposed that when we enter the world as babes, the mind is a blank sheet of paper' (De May 2012). He firmly rejects the notion that we are born into the world with some thoughts that we acquire prenatally or before we were born. Locke was led to make an essential distinction between what he called the primary traits of objects and the secondary characteristics of objects; he showed that there are two totally diverse types of property, matching to this dissimilarity. One, there are primary qualities, which objects have sovereign of any viewer. The object is supposed to be square or cumbersome, regardless of whether anybody perceives it to be such. The primary qualities are the shape and weight. Next, there are secondary qualities, which objects only have since they ar e alleged. Qualities of secondary, like color, are anticipated onto surrounding by perceivers (Gomes, 2013). The Apple is not usually the shade of red, it just seems that way to me; I scheme redness onto the apple in the action of perceiving it. Then, the secondary quality is color and us apt to use varieties of secondary to signify qualities of the primary. Thus the red manifestation of the apple, which is a quality of secondary that I scheme onto it, signifies the fact that it replicates certain wavelengths of light, which is a quality of primary that it has regardless of whether I am looking at it or not. "Many suppose that the representative theory of perception must be false, because if it were true, then we would be stuck behind a veil of appearances, never having direct contact with objects in the external world. Since one could directly perceive objects in the outer world, one would never be able to check that the world is as it seems to be" (Jansen, 2014). Locke's theory is that when we perceive an external object, we attribute to that object what he called primary and secondary qualities. Our perception of that external object is caused by what Locke calls powers' in the object which is the precise nature of which was not yet known to cause certain impressions in us. It is these subjective impressions of which we are directly aware. Together they make up our representation of the object (Smythies, 2013). Some of the elements within that representation exist only in us, namely all our representations of secondary qualities such as colors and fragrances. The other parts in the description do correspond to objective conditions of the external object. They are the object's size, shape, and relative position. About the external object itself, Locke's answer is that it is an unknowable somewhat' a substratum to which the primary qualities are attached. Also, in which they inhere the various powers in the object whereby it acts on our sense organs to produce the sense impressions of which we are directly aware. According to him, we are in a sense trapped behind the veil of our perceptions. The object itself is unknown, a thing I know not what' - because we have no way of discovering what it is like in itself when it is unperceived. To those who support it, Representative theory has a significant strength of merging the world as we perceive it with a growing scientific comprehension of the processes at work in generating that perception a strength Locke intended (Bennet, Hoffman Prakash, 2014). But to its critics, its principal mistake lies in unreliable concluding that all we can instantly perceive are states of ourselves, namely those states which are our subjective demonstrations. Thus to critics such as the Nave Realists, the fact that such representations do occur within us does not mean that these are what we perceive (Siemens,2014). To use an analogy, it may be that the only way you can see the world clearly is by wearing spectacles. But this does not mean that all you directly see is your side of the spectacle lenses indeed provided they are clean you do not see them at all you see with the aid of them, but you do not see them. The Nave Realist's major criticism of the Representative Theory of Perception affirms that the direct object of perception is a subjective depiction of what is in the external world fallaciously deduce from the fact that subjective processes arbitrate our world experience the false conclusion that therefore what we immediately or directly perceive must be the final step in that set of personal progressions (Kamp, Van Genabith Reyle, 2011). To the Naive Realist, this objection to Representative is lethal. Conclusion In modern philosophy, both approaches of perception of Nave Realism and representative theory are valid descriptions of perception, Nave Realism is said to be superior to the representative theory of perception since it is these view that we perceive independent objects directly when we train our senses on them and gives us a distinction that is not in representative theory. . Nave Realism holds that our ordinary perception of physical objects is direct while the Representative theory of perception holds that the physical objects are not direct.' References Audi, R. (2010). Epistemology: A contemporary introduction to the theory of knowledge. Routledge. Bennett, B. M., Hoffman, D. D., Prakash, C. (2014). Observer Mechanics: A formal theory of perception. Academic Press. De Mey, M. (2012). The cognitive paradigm: Cognitive Science, a newly explored approach to the study of cognition applied in an analysis of science and scientific knowledge (Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Gram, D. (2012). Direct realism: a study of perception (Vol. 12). Springer Science Business Media. Gomes, A. (2013). Kant on Perception: Naive Realism, Non-Conceptualism, and the B-Deduction. The Philosophical Quarterly, pqt019. Hackett, P. M. (2016). Theorizing Perception. In Psychology and Philosophy of Abstract Art (pp. 11-34). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Jansen, J. (2014). Taking a Transcendental Stance: Anti-Representationalism and Direct Realism in Kant and Husserl. In Husserl und die Klass she Deutsche Philosophie (pp. 79-92). Springer International Publishing. Kamp, H., Van Genabith, J., Reyle, U. (2011). Discourse representation theory. In Handbook of philosophical logic (pp. 125-394). Springer Netherlands. Pinder, R. A., Davids, K. W., Renshaw, I., Arajo, D. (2011). Representative learning design and functionality of research and practice in sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(1), 146-155. Popper, K. (2013). Realism and the aim of science: From the Postscript to the logic of scientific discovery. Routledge. SANFORD, D. H. (2012). Mediate Perception. DM Armstrong, 4, 55. Siemens, G. (2014). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Smythies, J. R. (2013). Analysis of perception (Vol. 56). Routledge. Tarr, B. (2016) The Theory of Direct Realism. Thursfield, D. (2000). Post-Fordism and Skill: theories and perceptions. Aldershot: Ashgate. VAN LILL, J. B. (2012) Is Psychometrics Pathological Science?

Network Methodology free essay sample

We surveyed much more about t Ncell through the use of various sources. Through these surveys we came to know about different aspects about Ncell. But we tried to get more insight of the consumers or the users of Ncell . With this prime motives we all decided to conduct a small Consumer Feedback Survey among the users of Ncell. We asked them the close ended questionnaire as a part of our primary survey . These questionnaire were distributed among the 20 Ncell users To know the diversified customers response we have selected the respondents from many sector llike professionals, Students , housewife and so on. The nature of our questionare were solely based on the satisfaction level,attitude towards product ,features of products. The sample of the questionnaire is presented below: Customer Feedback Survey-Questionnaire Name: Address: Contact: Email: Profession: Please tick the appropriate options Q. 1. What is your view on network quality of Ncell ? a) Excellent b)Good c)Average d)Below Average Q. We will write a custom essay sample on Network Methodology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. Which service of Ncell do you use most? a)Call b) GPRS/3G c)Data card d)others Q. How expensive do you think is the price of Ncell service? a)Cheap b)Satisfactory c)Expensive d)Comparatively expensive Q. 4 How much money ( in average )do you spend in Ncell ? a)less then 100 b)R. S 100-250 C)R. S 250- 500 d)R. S 500 and above Q. 5 How does the feedback and customer care service respond to your problems ? a)Very Fast b)Average C)Satisfactory d)Slow response Q. 6 How is Advertising of Ncell? a) Persuasive b) Reinforcing c) Reminding d) Informative Q. How often do you get bonus scheme or offer from Ncell ? a) Frequently b) Very often c) Sometimes d) Rarely Q. 8 If you are using Ncell Internet service, how is it? a) Very fast b) comparatively fast c) Moderate d) slow Q. 9 What factor influenced you to purchase Ncell service? a) Media advertisement b) Hoarding board c) word of mouth d) References e) Non Q. 10 Do you have any suggestions that would help us to improve our Ncell service? Signature of the customer: Thank you for your kind cooperation Major Findings From the customer survey that we conducted with 20 different Ncell customers we have found some crucial results. According to them the network quality of Ncell service is good however some of them said it is excelled. Likewise talking about the services provided by Ncell many of them are using call and GPRS service, the majority of GPRS users are youth among them. Another important result we have found about the price that Most of the respondent said it is comparatively expensive (which mean the Ncell Price is expensive than its major rival NTC). However the service within the Ncell subscriber is not that expensive. The major factors affecting to purchase of Ncel Service are Media advertisement, hoarding board, word of mouth and references respectively. Moreover the advertising of the Ncell is more reinforcing according to the respondents however some of them said it is informative e also. Considering the aforementioned survey discussion now we would like to show here some figures and chart to understand the findings in more specific way.