An Investigation to Show the Effect of Temperature on Daphnia :: Papers

An Investigation to Show the Effect of Temperature on cyclops Plan I depart submerge some daphnia contained in a test pipework in pissing of differing temperatures and measure their subsequent heart rates. Hypothesis I hypothesize that the heart rate of the daphnia will increase up until around 40C at which point most of the daphnias enzymes will have modify and rate of metabolism will have stopped or decreased sufficiently to have stopped the daphnias heart rate. Apparatus list Test tube Beaker Different temperatures of water Daphnia Pipette Stop clock Microscope Slide Safety Follow usual lab safety rules. There ar no major safety considerations in this experiment as the daphnia arent harmful and water above 40C will not be used. manner To determine if temperature does have an effect on the daphnia, I intend to carry out the following experiment. The experiment will involve measuring the cardiac drill of the daphnia at diff erent temperatures, ranging from very cold (approx. 5 degrees Celsius) to quite warm (approx. 40 degrees Celsius). A selection of similar sized/age Daphnia will be taken. A variety of different temperatures of water will be set up, these temperatures will be kept constant whilst the daphnia are submersed in them. The temperatures will be set up by using ice to cool tap water down to lower temperatures and change state water to heat it up. The temperature will be measured to within 0.1C on a mercury thermometer to ensure accuracy. The temperatures will range from 10C to approximately 40C and it will be done at 5C intervals. The daphnia will be submersed in the water and left to equilibrate for 3 minutes, after this time one of the Daphnia will be removed and put onto a microscope slide, this will then be quickly put under the microscope. -1- Under the microscope, the Daphnia will be observed for 20 seconds, this heart rate will be counted and re corded, this can the be

sanctification :: essays research papers

SANCTIFICATIONIntroduction -sanctification means to make consecrate, purify or charge to set apart, to break off-The process of being made holy resulting in a changed life-style for the believer.-examples from the Old TestamentoCertain times be consecrate in that they are set apart especially to the Lord the sabbath, the various festivals, the year of Jubilee.oThe land of Canaan, as well as Jerusalem, was holy to the Lord and was non to be polluted by sinful conduct.oThe tabernacle/Temple and all the objects related to it were holy.oThe priests and Levites who functioned in the sanctuary, beginning with Aaron, were sanctified to the Lord by the anointing of oil.Illustration-A coal miner was walking home one day from working all day in the dirty coal mine. A young girl gave him a beautiful flower. He was happy and took the flower home. He put it in a vase on the table, and started to admire the flower. then(prenominal) he realised that the vase was dirty. And so he cleaned th e vase. As he sit admiring the flower, he saw that the table was dirty. So he cleaned the table. As he sat admiring the flower again, he saw that the floor was dirty. So he cleaned the floor too. Finally, he ended up cleaning the whole house. This is what sanctification means. later we have current Jesus into our life, He will begin to clean us up from within.Message-Sanctification is Gods will for us V 1 Thes 43-Sanctification involves the sanctification of body, soul and spirit V 1 Thes 523-Sanctification involves both God and usoJesus is our Sanctifier V Heb 211 God our Father is our Sanctifier too V Jude 11oOur part V purging ourselves V 2 Tim 221XBe a vessel unto honour and sanctification for the Masters usesanctification essays research papers SANCTIFICATIONIntroduction -sanctification means to make holy, purify or consecrate to set apart, to separate-The process of being made holy resulting in a changed life-style for the believer.-examples from the Old TestamentoCertain times are sanctified in that they are set apart especially to the Lord the sabbath, the various festivals, the year of Jubilee.oThe land of Canaan, as well as Jerusalem, was holy to the Lord and was not to be polluted by sinful conduct.oThe tabernacle/Temple and all the objects related to it were holy.oThe priests and Levites who functioned in the sanctuary, beginning with Aaron, were sanctified to the Lord by the anointing of oil.Illustration-A coal miner was walking home one day from working all day in the dirty coal mine. A young girl gave him a beautiful flower. He was happy and took the flower home. He put it in a vase on the table, and started to admire the flower. Then he realised that the vase was dirty. And so he cleaned the vase. As he sat admiring the flower, he saw that the table was dirty. So he cleaned the table. As he sat admiring the flower again, he saw that the floor was dirty. So he cleaned the floor too. Finally, he ended up cleaning the whole house. This is wha t sanctification means. After we have received Jesus into our life, He will begin to clean us up from within.Message-Sanctification is Gods will for us V 1 Thes 43-Sanctification involves the sanctification of body, soul and spirit V 1 Thes 523-Sanctification involves both God and usoJesus is our Sanctifier V Heb 211 God our Father is our Sanctifier too V Jude 11oOur part V purging ourselves V 2 Tim 221XBe a vessel unto honour and sanctification for the Masters use

In Search of My Community :: Personal Narrative essay about myself

In Search of My Community         While trying to examine how my confederation has changed economically since the 80s, I found myself pondering what my community really was.  I have had the unfortunate experience to understand how a person can live as if they dont really belong.  Since I had moved about nine times within my life, and I am only eighteen years old, I became stuck, without some(prenominal) ideas of what to write about.  While facing this assignment, I realized that I did not kat once if I had a place I would consider my community, or veritable(a) my true home.         In the year of 1984, when I was born, my family lived in Reading, Pennsylvania.  Reading was not an scope known for its good economic reputation.  Most of the people in the area could be considered lower-income, middle class individuals.  Our community was composed mostly of factory workers and small business owners.& nbsp My father was self-employed at the time, for he owned a retail establishment.  In our neighborhood, we may have been one of the families that earned the most money per  year.  We lived in a duplex, but even then, we were still considered upper-middle class.  My mother was on the job(p) nights as a medical technologist, and this was all so she could stay at home with me during the day.  My father never completed his college career, but my mother did.  She needed that score to pursue her career in the medical field, and to have the potential to earn more pay.         Throughout the 1980s we moved around a lot.  First we moved to change posture Spring, Pennsylvania in 1985, and then we moved to Stafford, Virginia in 1987.  In drop down Spring we finally owned our own house, and we lived in a wealthier neighborhood than before.  We were now neither the richest, nor the poorest, people on the block.  The richest people living in the neighborhood worked as engineers, and the poorest were factory workers.  In Virginia, it was about the same as it was in Sinking Spring.  My father was no longer running his own retail establishment, he was now working in the sales and marketing field for a telephoner named AMP.

Performance Budgeting :: American Government, Budgeting Initiatives

This paper examines the benefit of accomplishment based calculateing as a practical theory of efficiency for government programming. Confronted by fiscal limitation and demand for improved public services, government agencies are utilizing the budget as a means to elevate government answerability and efficiency, rather than simply as a means for distributing funds and overbearing expenses.Performance based budgeting has been defined as a system wherein managers are provided with the tractableness to utilize agency resources as required, in return for their commitment to achieve certain performance results. (Brewer, 3) Performance budgeting is a system of planning, budgeting, and evaluation that emphasizes the relationship in the midst of money budgeted and results expected. (Government of Alberta, 1) Performance budgeting signifies an important divergence from habitual line item budgeting. A line item budget is mainly a tool for controlling expenditures it characteristical ly indicates the amount of spending permitted for particular purposes. As a fiscal year progresses, departmental spending must remain within the budgeted amounts unless formal budget amendments are approved. Under line item budgeting spending in one category cannot automatically be used to supplement another category. (Government of Alberta, 2)While conventional budgets can be useful in assisting managers with internal control, they are not typically as useful as a policy or finale making tool. Line-item budgets assure elected and administrative officials that money is being spent only for approved purposes, but they do not show what is being pure(a) with the money. (Government of Alberta, 3) Additional drawbacks to line-item budgets involve the promotion of indolence, due to the minor modifications made to budget planning each year. Line-item budgeting can result in ineffective and costly actions because watchfulness is not allowed the flexibility to address changing situat ions. (Virginia Society of Certified Public Accountants, 7) Many government programs are often forced to use funding, or support funding at the end of a program year these restrictive processes have the potential to invite micromanagement and impede the fulfillment of program objectives. (Government of Alberta, 3) In comparison, performance budgeting has more of a policymaking orientation it links plans, measures, and budgets and it pushes administrators and policymakers to contemplate the big picture. (Brewer, 23) Performance budgeting provides useful information about the impact of budget decisions on people and gives departments increase budgetary flexibility. Additionally, performance budgeting allows for ongoing monitoring and strengthens legislative decision making and oversight.

Lewis And Clark :: essays research papers fc

The Lewis and Clark expedition across the present day United States began may 14, 1804. With the approval of President Jefferson and the U.S. Congress, Lewis and Clark gathered an exploration party of about four dozen men. These men headed off to discover Western America. On September 1, 1805, they arrived at the Bitterroot Mountains, near present day Idaho. This began a nightmare that would not end until they reached modern-day Weippe. September 1, 1805, the explorers set out traveling west, heading into rough, seldom traveled, mountainous country. They stopped at todays North Fork of the Salmon River, known as Fish Creek to Lewis and Clark, where they caught five fish, and were adequate to despatch a deer (MacGregor 125). Some of the mens feet and horses hooves were injured due to the rough, rocky terrain. The next day, they were entering mountains far more touchy to pass than any American had ever attempted (Ambros 284). Clark describes the route "Throu thickets in which we were obliged to cut a road, over rocky hillsides where horses were in perpetual risk of exposure of slipping to their certain distruction and up and down steep hills" (De Voto 232). Traveling along the steep hills, several horses fell. One was crippled, and two gave out. Patrick Gass described the trip that day as, "the conquer road (If road it can be called) that was ever traveled" (MacGregor 125). To make conditions even worse, it rained that afternoon, which made the trail even more treacherous. The party was only able to travel five miles that day. On September 3, snow fell and the teams last thermometer broke. Several more horsed slipped and injured themselves. Later that day, the snow dour into sleet. The expedition family consumed the last of their salt pork and fish and began their descent into the Bitterroot Valley. That night, was the coldest yet. The next day, the party went down a very steep descent to a river that Lewis named, Clarks River, (Today know n as The Bitterroot River.) There, they encountered a band of Salish Indians, whom the captains called Flatheads. They stayed there with the Indians the next couple of days to trade. They acquired thirteen new Appaloosa Horses, including three colts, for seven worn out horses. The Salish Indians shared berries and roots with the men for their meals. On September 6, they set off traveling northward along the Bitterroot River for about ten miles.

Lewis And Clark :: essays research papers fc

The Lewis and Clark expedition across the present day United States began May 14, 1804. With the approval of President Jefferson and the U.S. Congress, Lewis and Clark gathered an exploration companionship of about four dozen men. These men headed off to discover Western America. On September 1, 1805, they arrived at the Bitterroot Mountains, near present day Idaho. This began a nightmare that would not end until they reached modern-day Weippe. September 1, 1805, the explorers set out traveling west, heading into rough, seldom traveled, mountainous country. They stopped at todays North Fork of the Salmon River, known as Fish Creek to Lewis and Clark, where they caught five fish, and were able to kill a deer (MacGregor 125). Some of the mens feet and horses hooves were injured due to the rough, rocky terrain. The next day, they were entering mountains far more difficult to pass than any American had ever try (Ambros 284). Clark describes the route "Throu thickets in which we we re obliged to cut a road, over rocky hillsides where horses were in perpetual danger of slipping to their certain distruction and up and down immerse hills" (De Voto 232). Traveling along the steep hills, several horses fell. One was crippled, and two gave out. Patrick Gass described the trip that day as, "the worst road (If road it can be called) that was ever traveled" (MacGregor 125). To make conditions even worse, it rained that afternoon, which made the trail even more treacherous. The party was only able to travel five miles that day. On September 3, vitamin C fell and the teams last thermometer broke. Several more horsed slipped and injured themselves. Later that day, the snow turned into sleet. The expedition family consumed the last of their salt pork and fish and began their descent into the Bitterroot Valley. That night, was the coldest yet. The next day, the party went down a very steep descent to a river that Lewis named, Clarks River, (Today known as The Bitterroot River.) There, they encountered a band of Salish Indians, whom the captains called Flatheads. They stayed there with the Indians the next couple of days to trade. They acquired thirteen new Appaloosa Horses, including three colts, for seven worn out horses. The Salish Indians shared berries and roots with the men for their meals. On September 6, they set off traveling northward along the Bitterroot River for about ten miles.

How Do Trend in the Marketing Industry

1. How do trend in the marketing industry, such as integrated marketing, affect advertisement?Nowadays, there are too many trends in the marketing industry which we can see all over the places. These trends do not only give implication to the industry itself, it also affects the advertizing field as well. Internet Marketing is an all-inclusive term for marketing overlaps and/or services online and like many all-inclusive terms, Internet marketing means distinct things to different people.Essentially, though, Internet marketing refers to the strategies that are used to market a product or service online, marketing strategies that include search engine optimization and search engine submission, copywriting that encourages site visitors to scram action, web site inclination strategies, online promotions, reciprocal linking, and email marketing and thats just hitting the highlights.This is one of the trends in the marketing industry. These trends affect the advertising field by al lowing them to promote a product or services widely done the internet. Many firms are embracing a paradigm that is shifting the focus of advertising methodology from traditionalistic text and image to the JavaScript and Adobe Flash, which is known as the online advertising. The potential node can access information concerning the service or product to help in deciding the need or use of products through online. An separate that are often used by the marketers is applying topical anaesthetic anesthetic cultures in a global product. In this trend they usually brings in a global product into a country and applies a local culture to it, such as the countrys national language, costumes, local celebrities and much much just to attract their local node to buy the product.Understanding a countrys culture is a key to global success. Food, food retail, beverages, household cleaning and personal care products are highly subject to the influence of culture because they are rooted in loca l taste, traditions, and needs. While it is very difficult for marketers to overcome these differences, there is no real imperative to do so. It doesnt matter if a food brand has different incarnations in different countries the vast majority of consumers will be completely oblivious. For an instance, Coke has taken in adapting both its product and its communication. As a received practice, Coca-Cola modifies its product to meet local tastes and invests heavily in locally inspired communication to complement its global positioning.The longer a brand has been in market, the more likely people are to have grown up with it and accept it as part of the local scene. This trend in marketing industry gives more implication to the advertising field. Firstly, for this kind of trend, global companies have to come up with more advertisements just for one product. Because, they are selling their products all over the world, which to be said in different countries. Whenever they adopt a local c ulture in selling their product, advertising plays an important role by showing the criteria of local culture to the audience, such as using the local language, local celebrity, local customs, and etc.For an example, in the Pizza Hut advertisement in Malaysia, they use the local language, such as sensasi and the tag halal in their advertising strategy just attracts the local consumers. In conclusion, advertising field is always getting change if there are any changes or new trends in the marketing industry. This is because, advertising is the tool that helps the audience to get information about a product or services and also it attracts them to purchase it.2. Can advertising be a factor in relationship marketing? In what way? Discuss. advertizement plays an important role in relationship marketing. Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, ideas, or services.Relationship Ma rketing were defined first as a form of marketing that developed from a direct solvent marketing campaigns which emphasize the customer retention and satisfaction, rather than a dominant focus on sales transactions. In others words, it recognizes the long term value of customer relationships and extends communication beyond intrusive advertising. And also, Relationship marketing attempts to involve and integrate customers, suppliers and other infrastructural partners into a firms developmental and marketing activities.In the most basic sense, advertising can help in promoting the sale of a particular product or service. Advertising in the olden times, was just spreading simply through word of mouth. It was to promote the sale of a product, good or service. As time advanced through the 17th Century, advertisements began to appear in newspapers, and later, in other forms of mass media, such as radio, television and cinema.Moreover, advertising in recent age, has maneuvered its way t hrough the other forms of advertising, such as advertisements being displayed on issue products, ads being displayed on vehicles such as buses and taxies, and even in public and social places, like the shop malls and streets. Besides that, advertising in the recent years has been escalated through the airing of TV commercials, and the phenomenon of the World Wide Web, or simply the Internet. Banner ads and newsletters have been included in company websites, to encourage the number of customers put down on to a particular website.Advertisements have been helping to motivate the demand for particular goods and services. Advertising through the implementation, and setting up of billboards on the sides of streets and major shopping areas, is yet another growing tactic among marketing professionals, and advertising agencies. This has skyrocketed the product sales. Through this advertising, the images of particular products and services have enhanced, and resulted in a significant summ ation of sales over the recent years. In conclusion, advertising has created a sense of public awareness among the people about the products they use in their daily routine.On the other hand it is yet another means thorough getting a message across to a wider audience of people about a particular product. Advertising through television and billboards ensures that the sale of a particular product or service is amplified. Looking at it from a different perspective, advertising could be considered as an effective marketing strategy towards increasing the publicity of a product and in turn reaching out to a wider customer audience. Thus, it is an important factor of relationship marketing.

Africa: Europe Colonization Through Imperialist Aggression Essay

Africa confronted resolution from Europe through imperialist aggression, diplomatic pressure and military invasion during the deep 1800s and early 1900s. During this time period, African civilizations put up legion(predicate) methods of resistance in an effort to stop the European colonization. These resistances failed and by the 20th ascorbic acid most of Africa was colonized. The Europeans desire to colonize Africa was motivated by economic, political and social elements following the breakdown of slave trading. This led to a frantic struggle to stool different parts of the African continent for handle temporary hookup the Africans fought free trade. African military fought European colonization through guerrilla warfare because the homeless societies did not have an established military. The use of African military was utilized in more centralized states such as Ethiopia and Zulu. One example of African resistance was brought about by Samory Toure of West Africa who fought the French by the use of military and diplomatic resistance between 1882 and 1898. Most African societies fought aggressively and bravely in an effort to keep control oer their country.In the 19th century it was evident that they had lost and their fight and found themselves facing revolutionary changes. The everywhereleap of technology was one of the main reasons for their loss. Africans mainly used bows, arrows, spears and some cavalry rifles. It was at this point in time most of Africa was colonized by seven European powers, which had established colonial state systems. These colonial state systems were authoritarian and bureaucratic mainly imposed by force. (Iweriebor, Ehiedu , n.d) Because of the European colonization upon Africa came a syncretism of culture, society and production. Islam and Christianity were introduced to West Africa between the ninth and the tenth century by way of missionaries and trading. Islam was accepted in the 11th century by numerous rulers and ha s since grown to be a prominent religion in West Africa by becoming incorporated into the laws, cultures and political economy of different regions.Today over 50% and many cities in West Africa are of Muslim including Nigeria and Sierra Leone. Cities such as Mali, Senegal, Mauritania and Gambia are over 90 % Muslim. Christianity in Africa has a shorter explanation because it was not introduced until Europeans began exploring and colonizing Africa. Christianity was introduced to Africa in the 15th century through the European missionary work and is still being cultivated today by Christians all over the world. The city of Cape Verde is mostly Christian based while the city of Chana is over 60% Christian. While Christianity and Islam beliefs are present within Africa the most uncouth religious practice in Africa falls within the indigenous category. Africans have however combined their pre-colonial beliefs with those of Christianity and Islam thus creating a syncretism of religion. (Exploring Africa, n.d.)The economy in Africa greatly changed from the European colonization. During the colonial period, most European colonizers grew crops strictly to sell them. The economy was based upon exporting raw materials and importing manufactured items. Some examples of the exports would be cotton, oil and minerals while the importing was generally machines, equipment and textiles. In almost every instance of instance of trading, one of the primary trade allies for each African country is a corresponding past colonizer. In addition, there are only a few primary trade partners are with other African countries. Therefore, international trade relations of Africa are focused toward industrialized nations. (Exploring Africa, n.d.)ReferenceIweriebor, Ehiedu (n.d) The Colonization of Africa, retrieved from http//exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-colonization-of-africa.htmlExploring Africa (n.d.) Unit Four Regional Perspective, Retrieved from http//exploringafrica.matrix.ms u.edu/students/curriculum/m17/activity3.php

Spiritual Milestone Essay

In Spiritual Milestone the author describes his life as an Asiatic American and the troubles that he has faced non and with his individuality but with his conflict with depression. The more compelling narrative is his rise above the disease and his enormous success in the universe of academe and in his community. Not recognizing that he really had depression. he worked diligently to get the better of the stigma attached to his ethnicity. and at the same clip. ended up detecting that he was enduring from the common cold of mental unwellness depression .Bing a ego motivated scholar. the writer was able to name himself by reading and analyzing slightly depression. He sought immediate aid from a professional to assist cover with the symptoms of the disease. and in the interim. continued his surveies and his battle to go more than a stereotype. The dissimilar therapies the author endured were cognitive therapy. interpersonal therapy. and behavioural therapy. These three therapies presc ribed by his psychologist helped him to acknowledge and cover with his feelings so that he could hold a clear counseling to success.While the writer does non travel into excessively much item depicting the agony he endured from his depression. he does reference sleepless darks. anxiousness. self medicine. and lassitude. He knew these symptoms were a mark of something much deeper and besides that they would impede his hereafter success. so he sought aid instantly. The authors intent was to inform readers of the symptoms of depression and to progress those who suffer from it to take action and seek the aid necessary to do life as fulfilling as possible.

Homlessness in the US

In the two studies I reviewed, both pertained to school aged stateless children. Both studies were conducted to determine the need for a better education for these children. The first take on I reviewed was called, Sheltered dispossessed children Their eligibility and unmet need for special education evaluations. This study focuse on the exploration of unmet need of special education evaluations for homeless children in Los Angeles, California. The second of my studies was called, Cognitive and academic go of homeless children compared to housed children.The analyzation focused on the effects of being homeless to a childs cognitive and academic functioning. Both of the above studies brought ab forbidden the said(prenominal) basic issue of homeless children having the right to a better education. In both studies it was determined that homeless children, when tested, perform rather poorly in the area of academics. In the first study (Sheltered Homeless Children Their Eligibility and Unmet impoverishment for Special Education evaluations) homeless shelters were selected randomly and from these families were selected that consisted of one child aged 6 to 12 years.Testing was performed in a quiet place. There were 118 parents and 169 children twisty in the study. The parents were asked questions pertaining to the how and why of homelessness. The homeless children were tested with questions from the RAND Course of Homelessness Study 3. 9, a Behavior Checklist, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the National Health Service, and the Woodcock-Johnson Language Proficiency bombardment Assessment Test. The Peabody Vocabulary picture test was also used in the second study.In the second study (Cognitive and Academic Functioning of Homeless Children compared with Housed Children) the homeless children and their mothers selected for the study were from the Bronx in NY. There were 102 homeless children in the study. They were between the ages of 6-11, around the same age group as the first study they were sought out of public schools. The housed children were selected randomly for the study. The mothers were asked how and why they became homeless and how long they had been homeless, and if they had a job, as in the study before.The children were all tested with numerous tests pertaining to their academic and cognitive functioning skills. The Ravens Test, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Wide-range Achievement Test, a Child Depression Inventory test, and A maternal Anxiety test were issued to the children. Both of the studies focused on the same issue, that homeless children were not being measureed for their need of assistance with their academics. The first study did not involve children who were not homeless but the second study used them as a control.The second study also focused more on the effects of being homeless leading to anxiety and impression. Both of the studies had determined that homeless children have poorer scores comp ared to those that are non-homeless, and that they are more developmentally delayed. Both the studies also found that they have a higher rate of teaching disabilities. There is also a higher need to assess children who might be eligible for special education services. The findings of the first study imply that in that respect is a high level of unmet need for special education evaluations for homeless children.There should be more procedures conducted to determine ones eligibility for special education services for the homeless. Also, interventions should be provided for school-aged homeless children from special education professionals, general health care providers, and housing services. The second study suggests that there necessitate to be more of an effort to give instruction those that are homeless by academic professors. There needs to be more assessment of special education for these children. The study also touched on the fact that these children are often depressed and have a high rate of anxiety, this should be assessed through counseling services.In both of the studies, society needs to take an interest in helping get these children despatch the streets in the first place. The main purpose for both of the studies was to examine the impact homelessness has on a childs academic functional level. In both of the studies it was found that homeless children between the ages of 6-12 scored lower on achievement tests. They also had a higher level of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, they also had an increased rate of learning disabilities and the need for special education evaluations.Society needs to put more of an effort in getting these children off the streets and into a proper home so they can grow more academically and to develop at a typical rate. Academic professionals need to assess their need of assistance with their work and assess a higher need of special education evaluations. Professionals need to understand that these children have a harder time concentrating on their academic material because they are faced with issues like where they are going to sleep tonight instead of 4+3.

Impact Of Green Architecture On Lebanon Environmental Sciences Essay

Since the Industrial Revolution, the universe has witnessed incalculable technological accomplishments, population growing, and matching additions in resource usage. As we enter a crude century, we atomic number 18 acknowledging the side effectuate of our activities pollution, landfills at capacity, toxic suck, planetary heating, resource and oz champion depletion, and deforestation. These attempts are striving the bounds of the Earth s transporting capacity -its ability to tag on the resources c only for to go life while retaining the capacity to renew and stay feasible.As the universe s population continues to spread out, exe swingingion of resource-efficient steps in all countries of human activity is commanding. The reinforced environment is one mop up illustration of the impact of human activity on resources. makes name a pregnant impact on the environment, accounting for one-sixth of the universe s fresh water plump for eat ups, one-fourth of its woodwind in strument crop, and two-fifths of its stuff and button flows. Structures as well impact countries beyond their immediate location, impacting the water partings, tonal pattern quality, and transit forms of communities.That acknowledgment is taking to alterations in the stylus the building industry and construction possessors approach the heading, building, and operation of manifestations. With the leading of various groups in the human race and private sectors, the construction industry is traveling toward a new value in its work that of environmental unrestricted unveiling.The industry s turning sustainability moral principle is based on the rules of resource capacity, health, and productiveness. Realization of these rules involves an integrated, multidisciplinary approach-one in which a edifice beneathtaking and its constituents are viewed on a wax life-cycle ground. This cradle-to-cradle attack, known as green or sustainable edifice, considers a edifice s en tire sparing and environmental impact and public turn ination, from material beginning and merchandise industry to merchandise transit edifice origination and building, operations and distribute, and edifice reuse or disposal. Ultimately, acceptance of sustainable edifice patterns pull up s carry ons hold to a displacement in the edifice industry, with sustainability exhaustively embedded in its pattern, merchandises, criterions, codifications, and ordinances.Understanding the particulars of sustainable edifice and finding effectual sustainable patterns put forward be confounding. Local authoritiess and private industry frequently do non hold the resources to execute the necessary research to assemble training on sustainable patterns, presuming such information is readily available.This thesis, by its parts, presents a abundant vision about green architecture, green edifices, and the chance to use this architecture in Lebanon. In Addition, it includes a full abstract u se for a proposed undertaking related to such architecture.In a brief presentation, the parts of the thesis are disunite 1 spurt ArchitectureThis subdivision over viewaPart 2 Lebanon and leafy vegetable ArchitectureLebanon and common land Architecture outlines the relation between Green Architecture and LebanonaPart 3 Lebanese Green build CouncilThis is a subdivision which gives a full thought about the Lebanese Green Building CouncilaPart 4 Similar Projects & A world s AnalysisThis subdivision containsaPart 5 Site AnalysissSite Analyses chapters provide elaborate information on the proposed siteaPart 6 LGBC HeadquarterA subdivision which contains a full conceptual plansaPart 1 Green Architecture / Green BuildingsDefinitionsustainable suppuration is the challenge of run intoing turning human implores for natural resources, industrial merchandises, push, nutrient, transit, shelter, and effectual waste command while conserving and protecting environmental quality and the nat ural resource base indispensable for future life and development. This construct recognizes that run intoing long-run human demands exit be impossible unless(prenominal) we besides conserve the Earth s natural physical, chemical, and biological systems.Sustainable development constructs, applied to the determination, building, and operation of edifices, flush toilet heighten twain the economic wellbeing and environmental wellness of communities around the universe. The Union Inter issuee des Architects/American nominate of Architects ( UIA/AIA ) World Congress of Architects recognized that in its 1993 Declaration of Interdep revokeence, which acknowledges that edifices and the strengthened environment drama a major function in the human impact on the natural environment and on the quality of life. If sustainable flesh rules are integrated into edifice undertakings, benefits can include resource and energy efficiency, healthy edifices and stuffs, ecologically and socially sen sitive land usage, transit efficiency, and strengthened topical anesthetic economic systems and communities.Embracing sustainability constructs, the ends aim to cut drink trim energy, operation, and care be cut cumulus building-related unwellnesss increase the productiveness and relieve of edifice residents cut scratch off waste and pollution and increase edifice and constituent lastingness and flexibleness.In the developed states, public and private leaders name realized the economic and environmental benefits of green edifice patterns and are establishing policies, developing edifice guidelines, and fabrication merchandises and systems that will accomplish sustainable development ends.Green edifices historyHistorical BuildingsHarmonizing to David Gissen, conservator of architecture and design and the National Building Museum in Washington DC, structures such as London s Crystal Palace and Milan s Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II apply methods that decreased the impact of the construction on the environment. Systems such as roof ventilators and belowground air chilling Chamberss were used to modulate indoor air temperature. In the early 20th century, several(prenominal) skyscrapers such as the Flatiron Building and the New York TimesBuilding in New York utilised deep-set Windowss and the Carson Pirie Scott section shop in Chicago had retractable sunshades. Both of these techniques were effectual in commanding interior temperature while lessoning the edifices impact on the environment.From the 1930 s through the 1960 s, the forward believing chilling methods mentioned above gave direction to some new edifice engineerings that would alter inner-city edifice building dramatically.The innovation of air conditioning, brooding glass, and structural steel popularized the enclosed glass and steel edifices that be the American metropolis straightaway. These edifices were able to be heated and cooled with monolithic HVAC systems that consumed immense sums of cheap and readily available fossil fuels. The monolithic ingestion of energy required to populate these edifices made their viability tenable and wholly dependent upon energy handiness and cost.The InfancyAround the clip that the glass box manner high up rise had be pass off the figure of speech of the American metropolis ( circa 1970 ) , a frontward believing group of designers, conservationists, and ecologists were inspired by the turning environmental motion and the high fuel costs that were frequent during the 1970s. The generation of these two scenarios finally resulted in the modern physique green motion.The first Earth Day, celebrated in April 1970, gave some acceptance to this new edifice construct, but the OPEC oil trade stoppage of 1973 gave the burgeoning environmental motion, and later the green physique attempt, the kick start it needed. With gas lines stretching for blocks, some Americans began to oppugn the ceremonious wisdom that we should be so independen tly reliant upon fossil fuels for our energy.As a consequence of the oil trade stoppage, amongst former(a) energy appertains, the American Institute of Architects ( AIA ) formed a Committee on Energy that was broken into two cantonments. One group looked toward inactive, such as brooding roofing stuffs and environmentally levelheaded posing of edifices, to accomplish energy nest eggs, while the other concentrated much on technological solutions, such as the usage of triple-glazed Windowss. As energy venerations subsided, impulse for green edifice and the environment, in general, slowed down, but a dedicated core-group of designers continued to force their green edifice construct frontward.A twosome of renowned edifices constructed during the 1970ss which utilised constructs of green design are The Willis Faber and Dumas Headquarters in England, which utilized a grass roof, twenty-four hours-lighted atrium, and mirrored Windowss the Gregory Bateson Building in California, whi ch used energy-sensitive photovoltaic ( solar cells ) , under-floor stone shop chilling systems, and country clime control devices.Through the late 1970ss, throughout the 1880ss, and into the early 1890ss, much research was commissioned on energy efficient procedures. This research resulted in more(prenominal) effectual solar panels, prefabricated efficient wall systems, water supply renewals systems, modular building units, and direct use of visible beam of light through Windowss in order to diminish day-time energy ingestion.Green OrganizationsGreen consequence on edifices & A metropolissEnergy EfficiencyApproximately 50 per centum of the energy usage in edifices is devoted to bring forthing an fruitless indoor clime through warming, chilling, airing, and illuming. A typical edifice s energy measure constitutes about 25 per centum of the edifice s entire in operation(p) costs. Estimates indicate that climate-sensitive design utilizing available engineerings could cut warming and chilling energy ingestion by 60 per centum and illuming energy demands by at least 50 per centum in U.S. edifices.Water EfficiencyWater preservation and efficiency plans have begun to take to significant lessenings in the usage of H2O within edifices.Water-efficient contraptions and fixtures, behavioural alterations, and alterations in irrigation methods can cut down ingestion by up to 30 per centum or more.As demand on H2O additions with urban growing, the economic impact of H2O preservation and efficiency will increase pro atomally. Water efficiency non exactly can take to significant H2O nest eggs, it besides can cut down the demand for enlargement of H2O intervention installations. Non-residential H2O clients account for a little per centum of the entire figure of H2O clients, but use about 35 per centum or more of the entire H2O.Waste DecreaseGreen architecture besides seeks to cut down waste of energy, H2O and stuffs used during building. For illustration, in California about 60 % of the province s waste throw ins from commercial edifices. During the building stage, one end should be to cut down the sum of stuff traveling to landfills. Well-designed edifices besides help cut down the sum of waste generated by the residents as good, by supplying on-site solutions such as compost bins to cut down affair traveling to landfills.To cut down the impact on Wellss or H2O intervention workss, several options exist. Greywater , effluent from beginnings such as dishwashing or rinsing machines, can be used for subsurface irrigation, or if treated, for non-potable intents, e.g. , to blush lavatories and wash autos. Rainwater aggregators are used for similar intents.Centralized effluent intervention systems can be dear(p) and utilize a batch of energy. An alternate to this procedure is change overing waste and effluent into fertilizer, which avoids these costs and shows other benefits. By roll uping human waste at the beginning and running it to a semi-cent ralized biogas works with other biological waste, liquid fertiliser can be produced. This construct was demonstrated by a dependence in Lubeck Germ all in the late ninetiess. Practices comparable these supply dirt with organic fertilizer foods and make C sinks that remove C dioxide from the ambiance, countervailing nursery gas emanation. Producing unreal fertiliser is besides more dearly-won in energy than this procedure.Construction Cost ReductionApplication of green constructing constructs can give for nest eggs during the building procedure. Measures that are comparatively piano to implement can ensue in nest eggs to the contractor in the undermentioned countries start out energy costs, by supervising use, put ining energy-efficient lamps and fixtures, and utilizing occupancy detectors to command lighting fixtures Lower H2O costs, by supervising ingestion and recycling storm H2O and/or building effluent where possible Lower site-clearing costs, by minimising site break and m otion of Earth and installing of unreal systems Lower landfill dumping fees and associated trucking charges, through reuse and recycling of building and oddment dust Lower stuffs costs, with more careful purchase and reuse of resources and stuffs Possible net incomes from gross revenues of reclaimable points removed during edifice destruction andFewer employee wellness jobs turn up from deplorable indoor air quality.This listing suggests some possible countries for cost nest eggs the undertaking squad can place other possibilities through a concerted and incorporate squad attack. The contractor can besides better dealingss with the comm single and edifice proprietor by sing them as portion of the squad attempt to implement environmentally sound building steps.Building Operation and MaintenanceThe green edifice steps discussed in this manual can take non entirely to take down edifice operating disbursals through rock-bottom public-service corporation and waste disposal costs, but besides to lower on-going edifice care costs, runing from allowance to supplies. For illustration, in m twain edifices, care staff collects recycled stuffs on each floor or even at e actually employee s desk and transport the stuffs down to the cellar for manus screening. Recycling chutes, a feasible green option, let direct discarding of stuffs from any floor in the edifice to the cellar. The chute system, which ideally is installed during initial building or redevelopment, can screen stuffs automatically, salvaging labour costs by extinguishing the demand to roll up, conveyance, and kind recyclables. Other nest eggs come in the signifier of lower waste trucking fees reduced workers compensation amends premiums due to take down claims for accidents from crisp glass and tins reduced overturn care less frequent cleansing of spills on rugs and floors and less demand for metrical foott control.Environmentally friendly housework merchandises can besides hold pecuniary a dvantages. For illustration, cleaning merchandises that are purchased as dressed ores and utilize minimum packaging non but advance waste decrease, but besides can cut down merchandise use by 30 to 60 per centum with dispensers that more accurately step and thin the cleansing merchandises for optimal effectivity.Building proprietors need to see the edifice director and staff as critical participants in environmentally sound and cost-efficient operations. Building directors, charged with the efficient operation and care of multi-million-dollar assets, have meet in all countries of operations and care over the life of a edifice. Once a edifice is operational, preparation of direction and care staff including direction on effectual green constructing steps such as constructing energy direction systems, new cleansing merchandises, and new edifice codifications and criterions can assist them to move on the edifice in a resource-efficient and economically favourable mode.Insurance an d LiabilityThe past decennaries conventional office design, building, and operational patterns have decreased the quality of the indoor office environment, ensuing in new wellness concerns and associated economic costs and liability. The debut of a battalion of new contaminant pollution beginnings into the workplace, combined with tighter edifice building, has intensified air-quality jobs. For illustration, hapless indoor air quality can ensue from such factors as defective air-conditioning systems, occupant related pollutants, building stuffs that emit high degrees of volatile organic compounds, and hapless care patterns. The U.S. EPA ranks indoor air pollution among the top five environmental hazards to public wellness. Unhealthy indoor air is found in up to 30 per centum of new and renovated edifices.Sick Building Syndrome ( SBS ) and Building Related Illness ( BRI ) have become more common in the workplace, increasing edifice proprietor and employer costs due to sickness, absen teeism, and increased liability claims. It has been estimated that SBS and BRI cost approximately $ 60 billion each twelvemonth in medical disbursals and lost worker productiveness in the United States.Legal actions related to Sick Building Syndrome and other building-related jobs have increased. These actions against edifice interior decorators, proprietors, or employers may be initiated by residents who have short- or long-run jobs, runing from concerns and firing eyes to more serious complaints. Initial economic impact may come in the signifiers of higher wellness insurance premiums, increased workers compensation claims, and reduced productiveness. Expensive redress undertakings and environmental killings may follow, and edifice proprietors may seek to retrieve losingss from the original undertaking contractors and designers through judicial proceeding.By guaranting better indoor air quality, edifice proprietors, employers, and design professionals can take down their hazard o f future judicial proceeding by constructing residents. pro liability insurance companies have indicated a willingness to offer design professionals lower insurance premiums for higher operating-procedure criterions that lead to improved indoor air quality. Some national architectural houses are trying to rate edifice merchandises harmonizing to the degrees of volatile organic compounds they emit afterward installing, and to educate edifice proprietors and directors about healthier merchandise picks.Occupant wellness and ProductivityThe intent of a edifice is non merely to supply shelter for its residents, but besides to supply an environment conducive to high public presentation of all intended resident activities. Recent surveies have shown that edifices with good overall environmental quality, including effectual airing, natural or proper degrees of lighting, indoor air quality, and good acoustics, can increase worker productiveness by six to 16 per centum.An organisation s mos t important fiscal committedness is commonly to its employees. Many employers use at least every eccentric person much on salary-related outgos as they do on building an full company edifice. In more organisations, wages and associated benefits consume the bulk of the one-year operating budget. For illustration based on the sample computations in recruit 2, a typical employer could pass $ 233 per square metrical foot yearly for an employee. Building building costs by and large fall below this degree, frequently by 50 per centum. In add-on, one-year employee salary-related outgos, utilizing the Numberss in Figure 2, are about 130 times greater than energy costs. A productivity addition of six per centum equates to nest eggs to the employer of $ 14 per square pes eight times the cost of the edifice s one-year energy measure.Given this information, an employer can make up ones mind to maximise the public presentation and efficiency of forces resources through appraisal of, and betterment to, the indoor environmental quality of its edifice. The undermentioned history of a recent redevelopment undertaking illustrates this attack.Both edifice proprietors and edifice tenant/employers can profit in other ways by bettering indoor environmental quality. For proprietors, these betterments can ensue in higher place values, longer tenant tenancy and rental reclamations, reduced insurance and operating costs, reduced liability hazards, extended equipment life, and good promotion. For renters, benefits include reduced absenteeism and better employee morale, reduced insurance and operating costs, reduced liability hazards, and community acknowledgment. If the edifice proprietor is besides the employer, an organisation can countervail initial building design and systems costs with the decrease of long-run organisational and operational disbursals over the edifice s life rhythm.Constructing ValueGreen edifices high efficiency and public presentation can ensue in highe r belongings values and potentially lower loaners recognition hazard. Lower operating costs associated with more efficient systems can take to higher constructing net income.In add-on to increasing a edifice s cyberspace runing income or value, green edifice steps may let edifice proprietors to bear down higher rents or accomplish higher rates of edifice tenancy, if renters view green belongingss as more desirable. Presently, voluntary edifice evaluation plans are under development for commercial edifices in the United States. As these plans are introduced into the market place and hail the credence of edifice proprietors and renters, they could impact the value of belongingss. Prospective renters will be able to rate edifices based on such mensurable characteristics as natural daytime, better indoor air quality, and lower energy, H2O, and waste costs. If nice edifices are rated for environmental public presentation, those that perform better will get down to recognize market adv antages.Local Economic Development OpportunitiesPromotion and execution of green edifice patterns within a community can bring forth new economic development chances. These chances can take a assortment of signifiers, including new concern development to run into the demand for green merchandises and services resource-efficiency betterment plans that enable bing concerns to take down operating costs development of environmentally oriented concern territories and occupation preparation related to new green concerns and merchandises.Appliance & A Ways of usingAppliancesChoosing environmentally and economically equilibrise edifice stuffs.Buildings significantly alter the environment. Harmonizing to Worldwatch Institute1, constructing building consumes 40 per centum of the natural rock, crushed rock, and sand used globally each twelvemonth, and 25 per centum of the virgin wood. Buildings besides account for 40 per centum of the energy and 16 per centum of the H2O used yearly world- wide. In the United States, approximately every bit much building and destruction waste is produced as municipal refuse. Finally, unhealthy indoor air is found in 30 per centum of new and renovated edifices worldwide.Negative environmental impacts flow from these activities. For illustration, natural stuffs extraction can take to resource depletion and biological diverseness losingss. Building stuffs industry and conveyance consumes energy, which generates emanations linked to planetary heating and acerb rain. Landfill jobs, such as leaching of heavy metals, may originate from waste coevals. All these activities can take to air and H2O pollution.Unhealthy indoor air may do increased morbidity and mortality. Choosing environmentally preferred edifice stuffs is one manner to better a edifice s environmental public presentation. To be practical, nevertheless, environmental public presentation must be balanced against economic public presentation. Even the most environmentally witting c onstructing interior decorator or edifice stuffs maker will finally desire to weigh environmental benefits against economic costs. They want to place edifice stuffs that improve environmental public presentation with small or no addition in cost.The edifice community is doing determinations today that have environmental and economic effects. Its determinations are plagued by uncomplete and unsure informations every bit good as the deficiency of a standardised methodological analysis for measuring the information. The NIST/EPA squad seeks to back up these determinations by garnering environmental and economic public presentation informations and by structuring and computerising the decision-making procedure. The ensuing BEES tool will be publically available over the Internet.In the mean while, the USGBC has published a list of stuffs certified from LEED incorporating several green stuffs including flooring, interior building, pigments & A movie, cloths, curtains, tack surfaces, detonating device systems, illuming, contraptions, millwork, furniture and plumping fixtures.Education of green architectureSince 1993, UIA released the Declaration of Interdependence for a Sustainable Future proposing that the architectural profession should seek to accomplish ecological sustainability within the restrict clip that is likely to be available . And it s been 14 old ages after the release of UIA / UNESCO Charter For Architectural Education that registries among educational ends an ecologically balanced and sustainable development of the built environment .Since so, many architecture school days have introduced or upgraded classs on proficient facets of sustainability, like Energy Conscious Design , Sustainable Architecture , Beyond Green or Bioclimatic Architecture and others more.The integrating of sustainability in design schools up to now has been reviewed by several studies. Most of them portion two decisions foremost, that non many schools have embraced the topic in a thorough mode, indicating at the low degree at which sustainable design constructs have been incorporated into the regular course of study and detecting that environmental way in architecture has been done on an ad-hoc footing, afragmented and deficient second, that sustainable design requires learning methods rather variant than the long-established 1s.Environmental crisis and its foreseeable effects are thus far a fringy issue in the academic discourse at schools purportedly covering with the environment, possibly because crises are non an attractive topic in our feel-good epoch. As a consequence, those who will hold to undertake the looming crisis in the close hereunder are non adequately prepared.Still, the demand to implement sustainable design is widely recognized by the educational community, at least in rule. A uncover illustration is a study among architectural pedagogues in more than 30 European states in 2001, where about 90 % of the res pondents are voting for a preferably dramatic displacement from a presently instead low to a high consideration of Sustainable Development in future architectural instruction . Harmonizing to the study, merely 19 % of those said that this construct is presently having a very/quite high degree of consideration, and 83 % said it should have a very/quite high degree of consideration in architectural instruction , placing as an facet of taking importance the integrating of sustainability-issues into all studio design .In malice of such consensus, there is still a long route until sustainable design is steadfastly rooted in architectural acquisition. in that respect are a figure of grounds for this, within and outside the academic marginAcademic obstructions_____________________In most schools that show environmental concern, related issues are normally confined in elected categories, detached from design studios. This creates a fringe repute for sustainability, eschewing its rules from the chief design undertakings to the fringe of architectural acquisition. As a consequence, no practical experience is gained in how to present sustainable qualities in the core design docket.______________________In many in offices the accent is on quantitative instead than qualitative affairs. As a consequence figure crunching eclipses design, and pupils tend to tie in sustainable concerns with numerical public presentation merely, detached from issues like comfort, resources, or social moralss. In that mode, sustainability-related classs are considered similar to those on proficient Fieldss like structural or mechanical design, but non real architecture.______________________Sustainable design is a instead recent subject, non very familiar to the old guard that administers schools. Most coachs have had limited or even nonexistent preparation in their yesteryear, and practical experience is even more rare. Consequently, a deficiency of importance placed on sustainab le design by many architectural pedagogues is no surprise. As a consequence, it is hard to present obscure , uninteresting or useless new subjects to the course of study, particularly in position of the fact that sustainable design challenges the preponderantly artistic stance of architecture.___________________Sustainable design is a complex architectural attack, embracing diverse Fieldss of cognition and necessitating multi-discipline teamwork. Therefore its instruction can non suit with the conventional additive attack where different proficient accomplishments are segregated in different sections, with rare chances to convey them all together through joint undertakings in a holistic mode. Furthermore, sustainable architecture is a complex topic that should be covered throughout the course of study , non merely in sporadic undertakings.____________________Furthermore, design undertakings are a good deal detached from earthly world as if they refer to a infinite station, ba rely interrelated with nature or society. Social moralss or environmental spirit are non embedded in the docket, restricting preparation in simply proficient accomplishments with major focal point on the esthetical. An architectural pupil all of a sudden transported to many of our architecture schools from 1900 Paris would experience right at place ._____________________Environmental crisis is repeatedly under the spotlight of the media but, unusually, it is rarely included in the academic discourse. There is small systematic consciousness of the relationship of edifice and urban design with critical environmental issues like energy & A H2O deficits, air & A land pollution, urban heat island & A ecological footmark, or resources depletion. And surely such subjects are non included in undertaking cheat shortss or ordinary pupil work._______________________Furthermore, there is deficient auxiliary input through proficient categories like constructing natural philosophies or en vironmental engineering that could back up sustainable design undertakings. When pupils do non understand the dynamic linkage between constructions, environmental conditions and users, it is non easy to distinguish, state, between edifice in the landscape and edifice in interaction with the landscape .Outside the schoolroomThe debut of sustainability in architecture schools encounters farther troubles stemming from the outer side of the academic walls____________________Sustainable design has yet to happen a clear individuality Is it a edifice technique, a blend of architecture and technology that can be applied on any architectural assortment merely like, say, fire safety or seismal proofing? Is it merely one more architectural manner, possibly with excess consideration to the environment than the remainder, with its ain stylistic hallmarks like solar aggregators, conservatories, or green labels? Beaver state is it a fresh design brain, where nature & A society, today & A to morrow are touch on spouses in the design model?_____________________The sustainable design household includes fluctuations like energy witting , bioclimatic , solar , ecological , or green , any of which could be applied in a non-sustainable mode. For case, an energy-saving strategy could use non-ecological stuffs bioclimatic skyscrapers use more resources than low rise, and the sustainability of a immense green sign of the zodiac with merely two residents is questionable. It is clear that sustainable design in full graduated table is a complex enterprise that requires a holistic watchfulness on a wide array of topics, proficient every bit much as societal Although there is much involvement and wonder about the topic, no 1 would state it s easy to larn or use in pattern .______________________The architectural haut couture of our epoch markets themes instead far from sustainability. As a consequence prudence and I?III?I?I? ( metron = Greek for step ) are ostracized from the chief architectural values. Given that architecture is ever learned by illustration, many pupils and many adults excessively ringer the glamourous paradigms of the expansive maitres, endeavoring for ocular originality and manner above all. The calendered architectural printing press barely advertises the non-sustainable characteristics of the expansive works because that would botch the ware. Therefore attending is frequently stressed on 2D thoughts instead than 3D infinite or 4D affairs, and vacuous feelings count more than the stuff and social facets of the built environment. As manner outshines matter and clip, sustainability is a looser.__________________Students are the last to fault for that given the prevailing aesthetic values, there are non excessively many sustainable illustrations exciting adequate to animate pupils. On the contrary, a frequent claim is that sustainable edifices are per se unattractive, as if all other types of architecture have merely good ill ustrations to demo.___________________Another repeated averment is that environmental edifices cost more . Here, the cost comparison footing is instead obscure, ignoring the differentiation between constructing and running cost, or the fact that seeking to shoot sustainable standards subsequently, alternatively of earlier, in the design procedure is the cause of any added disbursal . Even when the extra cost is true, it is besides true that clients are frequently ready to pay more for cosmetic elements but non for, say, a more efficient boiler.The societal contextSustainable design is non an architectural exercising it refers to the built environment and therefore it can non boom without societal indorsement. Architecture has ever been repeating the superior social values and forces, so the inquiry is whether today there is room for alteration To transform this activity from a alone one of counter-cultural rebellion into one of mainstream pattern requires merely a critical mass of people who take it for granted as the footing for technical/cultural virtue . There are some marks that allow optimism, but the overall societal tendencies look instead black for a sustainable design flowering_________________In our epoch of consumo ergo amount , sustainable design sounds out of melody as euphoric consumerism inhibits motive for restraint. Clients demanding glistening energy-guzzlers are more influential than those inquiring for reasonable designs. Which school can develop its professionals for the hereafter while society looks the other manner?_____________________About a century ago, Modernist thought was attesting extremist proposals, integrating both proficient and societal issues along with a distinguishable aesthetic idiom. Today, as internationalism has been replaced by globalization and citizens by consumers , most merchandises in the post-Modernist supermarket have short expire day of the months. Many current architectural theoretical accoun ts rest between show concern and practical world, and there is a deficit of real-life proposals offering an inspiring mentality for a future society and its architectural linguistic communication. Sustainability does hold the necessary ingredients and principle to go the footing of such thoughts, but it is still missing a plausible bigcast -and an watchful audience.___________________The apathy for the hereafter and the animadversion of sustainable proposals can possibly be explained Alarming tendencies are all excessively discernible as jobs are swept under the panem et circenses rug. The intensifying bad intelligence about the environmental jeopardies, triggered by human activities, lead to the denial of facts and the replacing of nasty pragmatism by baseless optimism. Cipher likes Cassandras, and sustainable architecture is associated with their warnings.______________________The human impact on the environment is relative to population size, ingestion per capita, and resourc es or waste per ingestion unit therefore these three factors should be reduced if we are to accomplish a sustainable balance between nature and us. So far, we focus chiefly on the 3rd one -and that with fringy success. Decreasing the other two implies rough steps that cipher truly likes to confront. Again, sustainable propositions are straitening arrows to a acrimonious mentality.Antagonizing lassitudeSo, even if architecture schools manage to short-circuit their obstructions and embed sustainability steadfastly in the course of study, and even if sustainable design overcomes its ain failings, there is still the critical checkpoint of societal credence. Green designers need green clients, otherwise their accomplishments are useless.Peoples brainwashed to devour more can non appreciate an architecture that requires less and wastes less albeit offering more. Equally long as show concern is a powerful political tool used to beef up today s position quo, it will be hard for sustainab le design to be more effectual in its existent consequences than, state, Live Aid or possess Poverty History runs.It is true that people do alter their position about the necessity of sustainability, although it is unsure to what extent they are ready to accept the effects and modify their manner of life consequently. But the gait of that alteration might be excessively slow compared with that of the environmental crisis, and cipher knows whether the dislocation will come easy like a long unwellness, or all of a sudden like a shot, without adequate clip to respond swimmingly.Therefore it is non peck merely to present sustainable design classs at universities, or to heighten the public presentation of sustainable edifices. Alongside those pressing demands, it is every bit imperative to edify the populace about the virtues of sustainability and the hazards of architecture as usual .Architects are the 1s who shape up the phase of our corporate and private lives hence they have th e state to make that with societal duty every bit much as regard to our cherished biotope -planet Earth.DecisionSustainability is a turning necessity that has to impact a broad scope of our societal precedences and aims, get downing with the credence of facts and, following, by recognizing that it is chiefly a socio-political instead than a proficient subject necessitating an earnest alteration of mentality.In that regard, sustainable architecture is non one more manner, a technique to salvage money, or a manner to decrease our ecological compunction. It is no less than an desperately needed response to semisynthetic environ-mental menaces.So far it has been hard to modify the architectural course of study efficaciously due to academic inactiveness, but schools have to admit forthcoming worlds in order to set learning topics and methods, and to transfuse sustainable spirit in the design attitude of future designers.This is a effortful undertaking as the mercenary dependence suppo rts turning in our society, but is at that place another manner? Or we honestly believe that after a coevals we will still be constructing like today?Green UndertakingsA sustainable edifice, or green edifice is an result of a design doctrine which focuses on increasing the efficiency of resource usage energy, H2O, and stuffs while cut downing constructing impacts on human wellness and the environment during the edifice s lifecycle, through better posing, design, building, operation, care, and remotion.The Future of Green BuildingsTo many in the edifice industry, investing in green edifice patterns may be a bounciness of religion. Further research and successful illustrations of sustainable edifice will progress this developing engineering and supply direct cogent evidence of its economic and health-related benefits, promoting its greater acceptance. More research is needed in life-cycle cost analysis over the full spectrum of edifice fiction, ownership, operation, and reuse/dispo sal. As the information become more widespread and the impacts including external costs associated with pollution, waste, and environmental-resource ingestion of conventional patterns become better known, green edifice patterns will go more widespread.The green edifice motion has started to derive impulse. Each twelvemonth yields extra presentation undertakings tonss of new efficient and healthy engineerings and expanded research, criterions, codifications, and ordinances. This includes evaluation systems to measure a edifice s environmental public presentation, enfranchisement plans for green edifice merchandises, and the acceptance of green edifice criterions and patterns by recognized standard-setting organisations. The handiness of progressively sophisticated computing machine package plans besides fosters the growing of green edifice patterns by doing it easier to place and measure options for a edifice undertaking. Other new tendencies and emerging constructs impacting th e edifice industry include performance-based contracts, remanufacturing and merchandise leasing, teleworking and practical offices, and attempts to extenuate natural-disaster losingss through improved edifice patterns.Green Buildings in LebanonCharles Hostler Student Center by VJAATwo Residential Undertakings by Arch. Atef TabetAAtef Tabet & A Associates Beirut-Lebanon merely completed the design and building of two separate big houses, 950 sq. metres each. Both houses are built on big sites around 12,000 sq. metre located in rural cragged countries one in Mount Lebanon, and the other to the South of Lebanon next to Mount Haramoun.1stHouse at RemineDesign Methodology The landscape and the architecture are intertwined intentionally as a cohesive, none dissociable entity, intermixing the interior of the house with its immediate out-of-doorss and the natural milieus. A regional and a sustainable architecture design attack with program layout to suit the client s modern-day life mann er. The combination of unsmooth / saw cut rock cladding Eclate , The slanted cherry roof tiles, Zinc Ti curved signifiers combination stand foring a slang of a Mediterranean small town. The insulated exterior dual walls, clay/wood lofts, deep recessed dual glazed cedar wood Windowss and wooden treillages utilized in order to shadow and anneal the house interior environment, and prolong it comfortably with a dateless design signifier friendly to its immediate vicinity.2ndHouse at JawzatThe Interior Architecture i.e. material choice, coatings, and colour spectrum or palettes, every bit good as the furniture pieces that has been designed by the office and produced locally, were carefully applied and placed in order to implement the countryside Mediterranean ambiance. The construct for both houses is to hold a sustainable timeless manner, harmonious with the natural milieus and its immediate environment.Lebanese Green OrganizationsMAJALMAJAL is an Academic Urban Observatory, advancin g sustainable be aftering schemes in Lebanon.Part of Urban Planning Institute of ALBA Academie Libanaise des Beaux-Arts, Balamand University, MAJAL was established in the aftermath of the extremely destructive July 2006 war, in order to supply a scientific monitor of the Reconstruction procedure direction. Since so, it expanded its mission and is carry oning undertakings related to urban planning and sustainability in general.We have achieved 3 studies on Reconstruction and carried out many expertness missions for municipalities and assorted local and international organisations.Mission AMAJAL s work today consists in three types of activitiesMonitoring set of indexs on building procedure and sustainable planningTechnical support to determination shapers in the signifier of adept missions, confer withing services, preparation, or other specific undertakings in urban planning and development undertakings.Advocacy, lobbying and consciousness elevation in the Fieldss of good administr ation, and sustainable planning.Lebanese Green Building CouncilThe Lebanon Green Building Council ( LGBC ) is an NGO that provides stewardship towards a sustainable built environment. It promotes, spreads and helps implement high public presentation building constructs that are environmentally responsible, healthy and profitable. LGBC acts on market, educational, and legislative issues to accomplish its ends. The LGBC is officially accredited as an Emerging council with the World Green Building Council.The LGBC aims to go a prima non-profit organisation working to advance the sustainable edifice industry of an international degree.AIts members will strongly recommend sustainable edifices in the purpose of planing a built environment that allows future coevalss to profit from the natural resources that will be available to them.The purpose of the organisation is to supply a Lebanese enfranchisement system for edifices that adopt environmental parametric quantities and to transform the manner edifices and communities are designed into a comfortable environment that improves the quality of life.Mission AThe LGBC shall causeIdentifying and advancing processs, methods and solutions for the design, planning, building and use of both new edifices and major redevelopment of bing edifices that achieve the end of sustainability. Populating infinites shall be created in an environmentally-friendly, resource-saving and economic manner that enhances the wellness and comfort of their users.Attesting the edifices that achieve the fixed evaluation degrees and run into the demands of a sustainable built environment.Identifying, inventing and advancing processs, methods and solutions for the planning, design, building, redevelopment, use, care and public presentation appraisal of edifices that aim to accomplish the end of sustainability as per the enfranchisement system set by the LGBC.Developing & A advancing industry criterions, educational plans and design patterns, aimi ng professionals related to environmentally responsible edifices, persons and squads, and at all stages.Conducting research and educational activities and prosecuting in buttonholing attempts to advance green edifice patterns and statute law.Inventing and advancing tips and suggestions for sustainable life styles that enhance the proper usage, and continuing the unity of green edifices and detering green lavation .

Loreal Marketing

Principles of Marketing LOreal 1. The core, tangible and augmented products LOreal sells. The core product of the hair care products sold by the company includes the customers feeling good about themself after using the product. The tangible is he physical hair care product e. g. bottle, what the product claims to do for e. g. more shiny hair. 2 LOreals marketing managers have key crisscross decisions they must brighten. These include selecting a brand name and going onto acquiring a brand strategy.LOreal would need to decide on the branding in terms of what name to use and the icon to go with it. Brand strategy includes Multibrand, stray branding, corporate branding, company and individual branding strategy. Multibrand strategy includes bringing out more than one product in one product category. Range branding strategy involves the company deciding to introduce more than one different product to the same category of products however having a different name for products in diffe rent areas of the market.Corporate branding involves the company choosing to include just one brand for all the products introduced to the market and company and individual branding strategy includes that the company brand is included on all the products in the market however each product also has its own brand name. LOreal would be required to make the decision of what marketing brand strategy to use, For e. g. they may choose to introduce a new hair care product to the market and use a corporate brand strategy where they use the LOreal brand all products.LOreal also have other branding decisions including the branding position, name selection, brand sponsorship and development. LOreal must decide on its brand positioning. This includes the products attributes, benefits and beliefs and attitudes of the product. The attributes include what the hair care products attributes are for e. g. the healthy ingredients in the hair care products. Benefits include what result the customers wou ld anticipate from the attributes of the product. For e. g.LOreals benefits may be shiny hair due to the ingredients in the product. LOreal may however choose a brand positioning of beliefs and attitudes. LOreal would also need to make decisions on the brands name. This includes making decisions towards the brand name in order to ensure that the brand name is easy to memorise, say and identify. 3 The considerations LOreal faces in determining global product decisions include adapting their products to suit the various cultures of various countries the hair care products are being marketed in. For e. g. the pa

Shc 32 1.1

When l arrive to my work place the first thing l do is to diagnose sure the kitchen area is clear from hazards and safe for pincerren to have breakfast. Then I go to the playroom (where l mainly work) and check the room for any life-threatening items. Then l put some toys out. (Depending on the children on that day) When the children and parents/carers start arriving l am there to open the door and welcome them in and emit to them and comfort some children if they are unsettled. If there is a few arrivals at the same clipping l c all(prenominal) a member staff for help. save the time they arrive on the register. Once all the children are in l play with them, talk to them and listen to them and make sure that they are bright and safe. The children have snack at mid-morning so my job is helping them with washing/drying their hands and preparing the snack and supervising them when eating. After snack we have play/ device times where l usually work with another member of staff and have fun and explore with the children. I implement the planned activities for that day.Before lunch time l help them with washing their hands for lunch and again supervise them when eating. If there are children that need to sleep after lunch l restore the rooms ready and check the rooms and make sure that they are safe. If there is something suspicious/seems unsafe l talk to my manager immediately. When the children are dozy l go into their rooms every 10 minutes and check them if they are fine and write it down on the register so all the staff can see if need to.In the afternoons parents/carers come to pick up their children and l am there to let them in and talk to them about how their child/children has been in the day. (if the parents/carers have got time l like having a nice chat about their children) as l think it is very important that we take things and work together. But if parents/carers dont have time or can not talk at that time it will be a brief discussion) When all the children have gone l briefly talk to my manager and reflect about how the day was and if there is any messages to pass on from parents/carers.

Supporting Health And Wellbeing Education Essay

Every school and babys fashion in Scotland be on a journey to excellence, all schools and early old ages scenes are at different phases of implementing a new Scottish course of study, entitled Curriculum for Excellence, whither there are tercet nucleus topics, matchless of which is health and well- world. The hold ups and results of this topic are listed under the headers mental, e effortal, social and physical well-being, be aftering for picks and alteration, physical instruction, physical exertion and athletics and nutrient and wellness.As stated in the Curriculum for Excellence Children and immature people leave develop their acquirement in wellness and well-being by developing the cognition and apprehension, rick overments, capablenesss and properties which they charter for mental, emotional, societal and physical well-being right away and in the hereafter .In readying and during the digest of this undertaking, I go returnn explanation of university exercises and notes, literature, statute law, authorities guidelines, local authorization and the babys room advancement program. The first reading which influenced my undertaking was Promoting wellness a Practical Guide by L Ewles and I Simnett I effected wellness has to be promoted in a holistic position and all facets of wellness are relate and mutualist. ( See appendix one )I will associate the theory of wellness and well-being inside the country of physical exercising for the kids, parents and staff in Abronhill Nursery School. At present turn toing wellness and well-being, the babys room pitch already received the gold award for wellness publicity. The manner frontward here is to guarantee all come acrosss and results, at the early degree are being intercommunicate. Taking history of the guideline which is supported by The World Health Organisation, kids should hold at least one hr of give activity most yearss of the hebdomad. In Let s Make Scotland More Active it is emphasi sed that this hr will merely hold a positive result if it is choice garment, hence my planning for the acquisition cognizes in physical exercising had to be thought out and implemented to guarantee kids benefit from them. I knew that I had to pull off my clip in order to accomplish the 10 experiences with the kids and discussed this with the caput instructor and the two members of staff assigned to be my wise man.My chief focal point in severally experience was the results and experiences from the Curriculum for Excellence, in add-on to this I researched and read relevant readings. As detailed in be aftering grid one ( Appendix two ) , I read the Curriculum for Excellence and the Health publicity and nutrition ) ( Scotland ) Act 2007. I gained a cognition and apprehension and was able to take the bewitch results for my planning. When frontward planning, I took into history that physical exercising is critical for physical development, but besides cognitive development, which I learned in one of my talks. This is highlighted in The Helping Young Children to Learn Through impulsion Programme by Celia O Donovan who points out that Children learn through motion and have a better opportunity of going successful scholars if they develop, organic structure consciousness, musculus tone, balance control, clasp and finger motion and manus to oculus co-ordination , this in bend links to the five major constituents of wellness, cardio-respiratory, muscular strength, muscular endurance, tractableness and organic structure composing . ( Powers and Dodd 2009 )In my first learning experience, I planned an experience that relate to babys room planning and took history of kids involvements. On consideration I know that I provided an activity where the kids were to the proficient engaged, extremely motivated and interacted good, but in treatment with my wise man, it was pointed out that I must trim cover song more on the results I wanted the kids to accomplish, this was constructive unfavorable judgments. I will concentrate on the kids s advancement and I will measure suitably. My self-evaluation allowed me to be after my following experience successfully. Self-evaluation has shape increasing stratified across Scots instruction and has contributed good, to bettering accomplishment for all kids ( HIME, 2007 )With note to The Child at the bosom, quality index 2.2 The extent to which parents, carers and households are committed to and actively involved in the life of the Centre . My following planned experience larning grid three ( Appendix two ) takes history of parents and carers who where encourage to take portion in a Zumba category. It promotes a cognition and apprehension of what I am seeking to accomplish with the kids and involves the parents in physical exercising. I have read parents as spouses and I know that in Abronhill nursery school Parents and carers will be encouraged to take portion in the service with staff placed uping effectual partnership and maintaining in regular communicating ( National Care Standards, 2002 ) . This experience besides takes history of Young Children s Health and Wellbeing by Underdown feather A which states Parents are the most important imaginativeness in advancing kids s wellness and well-being, and they should be valued, respected and supported . On contemplation I can clearly see how this has been put into pattern and how to include parents in their kids s acquisition.I have included exposure of the wall award I created, utilizing parent s remarks ( See appendix three ) .Within this experience I had a duty to run into the demands of an single kid. I was specifically asked to back up her in the afternoon zumba category, as she had already participated in the forenoon. Her key belonger felt support was necessary as she attendances nursery all twenty-four hours. As my observation notes show alternate support was offered. I close monitored her advancement and att ended to her single demands.My uninterrupted planning for physical exercising within the nucleus topics of wellness and well-being, I am really cognizant of doing certain I plan a assortment of activities to turn to the results. The kids have to be excited and motivated by the challenge set within the activity and this clip I planned an obstruction class. Planing grid four ( Appendix two ) . As my observation notes show the kids where a spot over excited at the beginning, but I was able to settle them, by calmly speech production to the kids and including them in the presentation. It was of import for the kids to listen to the regulations and remain safe. On contemplation in conversation with my wise man I was cognizant of pre-positional linguistic communication and she specifically asked me to listen for kids who utilize this, as she will farther develop this linguistic communication and take the kids s larning frontward. I now understand that during activities there can be really of import links to opposite countries of the course of study.The experience I planned for Monday 8th November larning grid figure five ( Appendix two ) was to be held out-of-doorss. This experience was included in nursery planning. ( See Appendix four ) On contemplation I tactile sensation the conditions was a factor that influenced the kids s enjoyment, it was stop deading cold and the kids did non profit from this experience, even though they had appropriate array on and I am cognizant if the importance of out-of-door acquisition in all conditions conditions. With mention to ( Appendix two ) experiences numbered six and seven, I expression the equipment ( See appendix five ) played a large portion in the kids s acquisition and promoted physical exercising. The difference was evident with all of the kids, in one instance a male child demand a drink of H2O from being on the Wii tantrum and said to me I will be back for another spell . I noticed this in contrast to see figure five, did nil to excited them or desire them to carry-on. I truly learned from this experience how equipment, conditions and motive truly affects the kids s battle and acquisition, in future I would will measure these factors and have another experient planned as a dorsum up.I feel the Wii tantrum is relevant up-to-date, educational and popular with the kids and the experience can be linked from place. On contemplation I used congratulations suitably to actuate the kids and promoted independency, the kids enjoyed the chance to exert.In wellness and well-being, during this arrangement I have addressed and been successful in supplying many chances for the kids to develop a positive experience of healthy life activities to larn to get by with ambitious state of affairss and assist them to get down to get the capacity to prolong physical, emotional and societal well-being ( Curriculum for Excellence )Within this babys room puting the caput instructor and staff are advancing healthy i nstruction to each other, visiting staff, kids and parents. My work fitted in the overall properness in the babys room betterment program and I successfully addressed physical exercising in the early old ages puting. Relevant readings and farther surveies made me cognizant of how other factors influence the wellness and well-being of kids e.g. fleshiness, poorness, attitude of parents and environmental factors.In the hereafter I will be able to confidently utilize the cognition and accomplishments I have gained in the country of physical exercising. I shall widen my cognition of the other factors by reading and research. I will be able to expire in to other early old ages scenes and set my cognition into pattern, but I besides need to analyze the others two countries entitled diet and nutrition and mental wellness and wellbeing as they are interlinked.

What Came Before

Looking back on hi account is a great way to learn how to improve the future. America is built on The solvent of Independence which is a solid foundation for establishing how we should look forward. As we progress, we back use the determine and principles of the departed in addition to the mistakes they may harbor occurred and create a transgress future.Lesson 2 The Best of IntentionsWhen tone back over our historic roots, we affect to consider both the good and the fearful. This is how we learn. We can look at how some groups of people were mistreated. We can see how we can be a better human race. We can see the consequences of past choices. We can evaluate successes and find ways to make them even better in the future. History is a great model for us on how to prep ar for the future.Lesson 3 The Devils in the DetailsAll historical events are significantly impacted by emotions and attitudes at that time. The same is true to solar day. Peoples perceptions, biases, opinions, reactions, emotions, and attitudes influence the entire culture. These enlarge shape the entire environment of America.Lesson 4 Pivot PointsPivot Points occur in e re every last(predicate)yones lives. It is a time when we are set more or less with a critical decision and we are required to use a great allot of courage or effort to move in a new direction. This year I am attending a new high school for my senior year. I am very anxious(p) about this since I really dont know anyone at the new high school and i opinion exchangeable I will be completely lost. solely I also feel equivalent it is the best option for me and that I need to try my best to be successful in doing this.Lesson 5 Illusion vs. RealityI bring forward Hollywood has distorted peoples reality. We see in movies and on TV that every story has a happy ending. We learn from video games that is something is in our way we can just fire go it. This is non how reality works. Sometimes we fall in bad days. Maybe ev en bad years. There isnt incessantly a perfect solution. Not everyone can win every time. We just have to learn to not give up and to keep trying. Even if today is bad, we can try for a better day tomorrow.Lesson 6 Integrity of the MindPart of life is accomplishment how to trust yourself and the decisions that you make. As we start life we are told how to do virtually new things by our parents or a t all(prenominal)er. But they are not always in that respect to give us step by step instructions. So at some point we need to start trusting our instincts and intuition to determine how to best solve problems and complete tasks. Our mind is constantly learning and growing. Through experience, we can trust the decisions we make as we become more(prenominal) mature.Lesson 7 Modern American TranscendentalismI actually watched the movie So I Married An Axe Murdered with my dad. He loves this movie and thinks it is very funny. I thought it was pretty weird but I laughed in it as well. Th e poetry was reallyn odd to me. It didnt seem to have a point. And the coffee bar where they did the poetry reading was very strange as well. I cared part of the movie. But I dont really see how that style of poem indite is very influential on the literary world.Lesson 8 The Origins of idolise in LiteratureHalf my family really likes scary stuff. Me, my dad, and my infant love scary movies. My mom and two brothers absolutley shun scary movies. Its funny to watch scary movies with all of us and see how scared half my family gets. I think its really funny actually.Lesson 9 Fear of the UnknownI asked my parents if they remember September 11, 2001 and what they were doing. They both knew exactly where they were and what they were doing. They then talked about other significant historical events in their lives, like when President Reagan was shot and when the Space Shuttle crashed. I think these are defining moments for the acres and people truly unite in times of tragedy. Im not sure what events during my lifetime are like this. Maybe when Trump surprisingly won.Lesson 10 The Great American NovelI have an uncle that always says hes going to retrograde and write the next great American novel. I never really knew what he meant by this. I think he is just bored with his life. It does seem like all the great, award winning novels were scripted a long time ago. I wonder if someone I know or go to school with will end up being the author of the next great American novel.Lesson 11 Examples of CourageAt church someone said that the trials and challenges we face today as teenagers are more difficult than the challenges the pioneers faced when crossing the plains. This really made me think because I always thought I would totally hate to be a pioneer with no home and wondering where we would get food each day. But then I thought about the challenges I face each day with school, friends, temptations to do bad things, etc. I think it is very challenging to be a teenag er right now.Lesson 12 No Run-of-the-Mill ManI remember reading To Kill A Mocking Bird and how Aticus FInch never waivered on how he stood for what he believed in. Ive had friends like this. They are not tempted to do bad things. They always do what is right. I think these kinds of people are very admirable. I hope I can be more like that in my lifetime.Lesson 13 Most People Are NiceI think my extension is much better about seeing the good in all people and being less judgemental about others. My granddadrents generation and even my parents generation seem to have many more biases and prejudices against different races, sexual orientation, opposing governmental beliefs, etc. I think my generation is much more accepting of differences in people. I think this is a very positive thing and I hope that it makes the world a better center as my generation gets older.English 2nd SemesterLesson 1 Small Towns Big DreamsI have never lived in a small town. But my grandparents came from sma ll towns. I have visited where they grew up and I dont think I could survive. My grandpa was born in a log cabin in Elmo, Utah. He didnt even have outpouring piss. I like all of the luxuries of growing up near a Walmart and McDonalds. I feel like it makes it easier to focus on big dreams if I dont have to worry about where Im going to get water to survive. Living in a civilized community allows me to dream bigger.Lesson 2 The Harlem Renaissance and BeyondBlack writers have had a great influence on literature and arts. I think it is very valuable to learn from their challenges and struggles. I am happy that even though they have had a lot of adversity, they are now fair very successful. SOme of the greatest musicians, athletes, politicians and business leaders are blacks. They have overcome many obstacles.Lesson 3 Wars and Wars and WarsGreat lessons can be learned from wars. Wars have lead to us being able to enjoy most of our freedoms. Wars have created more equlality. Some wars stem from selfishness. Some wars are fought to overthrow evil dictators. Some wars have good and bad people on both sides. People fight wars because they are passionate about their belief so much so that they are willing to risk their lives.Lesson 4 Personal Challenges and ChoicesI have had many challenges in my life. When I was four years old I nearly died from Kawasakis Desease. I lived at Primary Childrens Hospital for several weeks until they were able to diagnose my illness. I have had family challenges like my parents getting divorced. I think these things have made me stronger but they were very difficult at the time.Lesson 5 Who Are WeAnd Who Should We Be?These are some of lifes biggest questions. I often wonder what my purpose in life is supposed to be. I think all I can do today is try to be the best soul I can with values that can shape the person I want to be. Things like ingenuousness and loyalty are attributes that can benefit me today and for the rest of my life. No matter what I become, these values will make me a better person.Lesson 6 And Where Are We Going?Life is a jaunt and there are many times that I may vere off course. I think each time I get off course, my goal is to try and learn from the experience. Where did I go upon? What could I have done better? This will help me to navigate better in the future. I can grow from each experience and learn how to be a better person.